Radiography
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 131-135, May 2010

The effect of patient shield position on gonad dose during lumbar spine radiography

  • Conor L. Clancy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Garden Hill House, St. James Hospital, James Street, Dublin, Ireland
    • ,
  • Geraldine O'Reilly

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Garden Hill House, St. James Hospital, James Street, Dublin, Ireland
    • ,
  • Patrick C. Brennan

      Affiliations

    • Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, C42 - Cumberland Campus, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia
    • ,
  • Mark F. McEntee

      Affiliations

    • School of Medicine and Medical Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +353 1 7166536; fax: +353 1 7166547.

Received 3 March 2009; received in revised form 28 September 2009; accepted 3 October 2009.

Abstract 

Background

In an effort to standardise radiological practices in the Republic of Ireland, current legislation states that “written protocols for every type of standard radiological practice shall be established”. In order to fulfil this requirement the Irish Medical Council recommends the protocols issued by the Commission of European Communitees (CEC) for adoption in the country. Whilst this document does provide good guidance with regard to various radiographic factors, patient shielding instructions are notably ambiguous. The aim of this study was to remove some of this ambiguity by defining the optimal method of positioning patient shielding in antero-posterior (AP) and lateral lumbar spine radiographic examinations. These projections were chosen on the basis of their area of coverage being in close to and in some cases including the reproductive organs. They also represent the highest source of collective population dose of any conventional radiographic examination carried out in the UK.

Method

A dosimetry study was devised to establish organ dose to the male testes and female ovaries using various clinically advocated methodologies for positioning patient shielding these included: no apron; tube-side apron; receptor-side apron and a wrap-around apron. The study was carried out using a direct digital radiography unit, an anthropomorphic phantom, various lead aprons and lithium thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD).

Results

For the AP projection, a statistically significant testes dose reduction of 42% (p≤0.01) was observed when a tube-sided apron was used. No testes dose reductions were noted for the lateral projection. Ovary dose savings were not observed for any of the shielding methods investigated.

Conclusion

This study found that the testes dose in AP examinations was reduced by 42% when patient shielding was positioned inferior to the imaged field and on the tube-side of the patient. This result validates the shielding methods used at the majority of centres surveyed in a recent study.

Keywords: Gonad, Radiation protection, Optimisation, Lead, Apron, Lumbar spine

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PII: S1078-8174(09)00098-4

doi:10.1016/j.radi.2009.10.004

Radiography
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 131-135, May 2010

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