Radiography
Volume 13 , Pages e20-e30 , December 2007

Pulse sequences for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Received 31 July 2006 ,Accepted 4 October 2006.

References 

  1. Bloch F, Hansen WW, Packard M. The nuclear induction experiment. Phys Rev. 1946;70:474–485
  2. Weinmann HJ, Brasch RC, Press WR, Wesbey GE. Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;142:619–624
  3. Carr DH, Brown J, Bydder GM, Steiner RE, Weinmann HJ, Speck U, et al. Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in MRI: initial clinical experience in 20 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;143:215–224
  4. McRobbie DW, Moore EA, Graves MJ, Prince MR. MRI: from picture to proton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003;
  5. Lomas DJ, Habib SH, Joubert IJ, Sala E, Graves MJ. CO2 as a distending medium for gastric and small bowel MRI: a feasibility study. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:672–676
  6. Lomas DJ, Graves MJ. Small bowel MRI using water as a contrast medium. Br J Radiol. 1999;72:994–997
  7. Sood RR, Joubert I, Franklin H, Doyle T, Lomas DJ. Small bowel MRI: comparison of a polyethylene glycol preparation and water as oral contrast media. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15:401–408
  8. Umschaden HW, Szolar D, Gasser J, Umschaden M, Haselbach H. Small-bowel disease: comparison of MR enteroclysis images with conventional enteroclysis and surgical findings. Radiology. 2000;215:717–725
  9. Hennig J, Nauerth A, Friedburg H. RARE imaging: a fast imaging method for clinical MR. Magn Reson Med. 1986;3:823–833
  10. Semelka RC, Kelekis NL, Thomasson D, Brown MA, Laub GA. HASTE MR imaging: description of technique and preliminary results in the abdomen. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6:698–699
  11. Constable RT, Anderson AW, Zhong J, Gore JC. Factors influencing contrast in fast spin-echo MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 1992;10:497–511
  12. Middleton H, Black RD, Saam B, Cates GD, Cofer GP, Guenther R, et al. MR imaging with hyperpolarized 3He gas. Magn Reson Med. 1995;33:271–275
  13. Mansson S, Johansson E, Magnusson P, Chai CM, Hansson G, Petersson JS, et al. 13C imaging-a new diagnostic platform. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:57–67
  14. Schwarz R, Schuurmans M, Seelig J, Kunnecke B. 19F-MRI of perfluorononane as a novel contrast modality for gastrointestinal imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1999;41:80–86
  15. Fisel CR, Ackerman JL, Buxton RB, Garrido L, Belliveau JW, Rosen BR, et al. MR contrast due to microscopically heterogeneous magnetic susceptibility: numerical simulations and applications to cerebral physiology. Magn Reson Med. 1991;17:336–347
  16. Elster AD, Sobol WT, Hinson WH. Pseudolayering of Gd-DTPA in the urinary bladder. Radiology. 1990;174:379–381
  17. Scheffler K, Hennig J. Is TrueFISP a gradient-echo or a spin-echo sequence?. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49:395–397
  18. Scheffler K, Lehnhardt S. Principles and applications of balanced SSFP techniques. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:2409–2418
  19. Grubnic S, Padhani AR, Revell PB, Husband JE. Comparative efficacy of and sequence choice for two oral contrast agents used during MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:173–178
  20. Prince MR. Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortography. Radiology. 1994;191:155–164
  21. Schmalbrock P, Yuan C, Chakeres DW, Kohli J, Pelc NJ. Volume MR angiography: methods to achieve very short echo times. Radiology. 1990;175:861–865
  22. Levy RA, Prince MR. Arterial-phase three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid arteries. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:211–215
  23. Kim JK, Farb RI, Wright GA. Test bolus examination in the carotid artery at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology. 1998;206:283–289
  24. Foo TK, Saranathan M, Prince MR, Chenevert TL. Automated detection of bolus arrival and initiation of data acquisition in fast, three-dimensional, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology. 1997;203:275–280
  25. Isoda H, Takehara Y, Isogai S, Takeda H, Kaneko M, Nozaki A, et al. Technique for arterial-phase contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1241–1244
  26. Wilman AH, Riederer SJ, Huston J, Wald JT, Debbins JP. Arterial phase carotid and vertebral artery imaging in 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography by combining fluoroscopic triggering with an elliptical centric acquisition order. Magn Reson Med. 1998;40:24–35
  27. Willinek WA, Gieseke J, Conrad R, Strunk H, Hoogeveen R, von Falkenhausen M, et al. Randomly segmented central k-space ordering in high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the supraaortic arteries: initial experience. Radiology. 2002;225:583–588
  28. Watts R, Wang Y, Redd B, Winchester PA, Kent KC, Bush HL, et al. Recessed elliptical-centric view-ordering for contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography of the carotid arteries. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48:419–424
  29. Fain SB, Riederer SJ, Bernstein MA, Huston J. Theoretical limits of spatial resolution in elliptical-centric contrast-enhanced 3D-MRA. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:1106–1116
  30. Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger MB, Boesiger P. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:952–962
  31. Sodickson DK, Manning WJ. Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38:591–603
  32. Griswold MA, Jakob PM, Heidemann RM, Nittka M, Jellus V, Wang J, et al. Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA). Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:1202–1210
  33. Hu HH, Madhuranthakam AJ, Kruger DG, Huston J, Riederer SJ. Improved venous suppression and spatial resolution with SENSE in elliptical centric 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52:761–765
  34. Riedy G, Golay X, Melhem ER. Three-dimensional isotropic contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid artery using sensitivity-encoding and random elliptic centric k-space filling: technique optimization. Neuroradiology. 2005;47:668–673
  35. Wang Y, Johnston DL, Breen JF, Huston J, Jack CR, Julsrud PR, et al. Dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography using contrast enhancement, fast data acquisition, and complex subtraction. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:551–556
  36. Hennig J, Scheffler K, Laubenberger J, Strecker R. Time-resolved projection angiography after bolus injection of contrast agent. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37:341–345
  37. Levy RA, Maki JH. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the extracranial carotid arteries: two techniques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:688–690
  38. Melhem ER, Caruthers SD, Faddoul SG, Tello R, Jara H. Use of three-dimensional MR angiography for tracking a contrast bolus in the carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:263–266
  39. Golay X, Brown SJ, Itoh R, Melhem ER. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced carotid MR angiography using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1615–1619
  40. Korosec FR, Frayne R, Grist TM, Mistretta CA. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:345–351
  41. Fellner C, Lang W, Janka R, Wutke R, Bautz W, Fellner FA. Magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid arteries using three different techniques: accuracy compared with intraarterial x-ray angiography and endarterectomy specimens. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21:424–431
  42. Naganawa S, Koshikawa T, Fukatsu H, Sakurai Y, Ichinose N, Ishiguchi T, et al. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid artery using 3D time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics: comparison with real-time fluoroscopic triggered 3D-elliptical centric view ordering. Radiat Med. 2001;19:185–192
  43. Korosec FR, Turski PA, Carroll TJ, Mistretta CA, Grist TM. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid bifurcation. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10:317–325
  44. Haase A. Snapshot FLASH MRI. Applications to T1, T2, and chemical-shift imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1990;13:77–89
  45. Krishnan S, Chenevert TL. Spatio-temporal bandwidth-based acquisition for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20:129–137
  46. Ding S, Wolff SD, Epstein FH. Improved coverage in dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI using interleaved gradient-echo EPI. Magn Reson Med. 1998;39:514–519
  47. Oesterle C, Strohschein R, Kohler M, Schnell M, Hennig J. Benefits and pitfalls of keyhole imaging, especially in first-pass perfusion studies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:312–323
  48. Kellman P, Epstein FH, McVeigh ER. Adaptive sensitivity encoding incorporating temporal filtering (TSENSE). Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:846–852
  49. Madore B, Glover GH, Pelc NJ. Unaliasing by fourier-encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD), applied to cardiac imaging and fMRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:813–828
  50. Tsao J, Boesiger P, Pruessmann KP. k-t BLAST and k-t SENSE: dynamic MRI with high frame rate exploiting spatiotemporal correlations. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50:1031–1042
  51. Edelman RR, Mattle HP, Atkinson DJ, Hill T, Finn JP, Mayman C, et al. Cerebral blood flow: assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging at 1.5T. Radiology. 1990;176:211–220
  52. Cohen MS, Weisskoff RM. Ultra-fast imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 1991;9:1–37
  53. Rosen BR, Belliveau JW, Buchbinder BR, McKinstry RC, Porkka LM, Kennedy DN, et al. Contrast agents and cerebral hemodynamics. Magn Reson Med. 1991;19:285–292
  54. Kellar KE, Fujii DK, Gunther WH, Briley-Saebo K, Bjornerud A, Spiller M, et al. NC100150 Injection, a preparation of optimized iron oxide nanoparticles for positive-contrast MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:488–494
  55. Li W, Tutton S, Vu AT, Pierchala L, Li BS, Lewis JM, et al. First-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in humans using ferumoxytol, a novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-based blood pool agent. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21:46–52
  56. Harisinghani MG, Dixon WT, Saksena MA, Brachtel E, Blezek DJ, Dhawale PJ, et al. MR lymphangiography: imaging strategies to optimize the imaging of lymph nodes with ferumoxtran-10. Radiographics. 2004;24:867–878
  57. Roberts TP, Kucharczyk J, Cox I, Moseley ME, Prayer L, Dillon W, et al. Sprodiamide-injection-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral perfusion. Phase I clinical trial results. Invest Radiol. 1994;29(Suppl. 2):S24–S26
  58. Stuber M, Gilson WD, Schaer M, Bulte JW, Kraitchman DL. Shedding light on the dark spot with IRON – a method that generates positive contrast in the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med. 2005;13:2608
  59. Cunningham CH, Arai T, Yang PC, McConnell MV, Pauly JM, Conolly SM. Positive contrast magnetic resonance imaging of cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med. 2005;53:999–1005
  60. Mani V, Briley-Saebo KC, Itskovich VV, Samber DD, Fayad ZA. Gradient echo acquisition for superparamagnetic particles with positive contrast (GRASP): sequence characterization in membrane and glass superparamagnetic iron oxide phantoms at 1.5 T and 3T. Magn Reson Med. 2006;55:126–135

PII: S1078-8174(06)00119-2

doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2006.10.002

Radiography
Volume 13 , Pages e20-e30 , December 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution