Radiography
Volume 13 , Pages e54-e72 , December 2007

Use of contrast agents for liver MRI

  • Janice Ward

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTel.: +44 0 113 206 4037; fax: +44 0 113 206 5092.

Received 15 March 2006 ,Accepted 1 September 2006.

References 

  1. In:  Wiliam PL,  Warwick R,  Dyson M,  Bannister LH editor. Gray's anatomy. 37th ed.. London, New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1989;
  2. Oi H, Murakami T, Kim T, Matsushita M, Kishimoto H, Nakamura H. Dynamic MR imaging and early-phase CT for detecting small intrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR. 1996;166:369–374
  3. Peterson MS, Baron RL, Murakami T. Hepatic malignancies: usefulness of acquisition of multiple arterial and portal venous phase images at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1996;201:337–345
  4. Tang Y, Yamashita Y, Arakawa A, Namimoto T, Mitsuzaki K, Abe Y, et al. Detection of hepatocellular carcinomas arising in cirrhotic livers: comparison of gadolinium-and ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging. AJR. 1999;172:1547–1554
  5. Yamashita Y, Mitsuzaki K, Yi T, Ogata I, Nishiharu T, Urata J, et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver damage: prospective comparison of detection with dynamic MR imaging and helical CT of the whole liver. Radiology. 1996;200:79–84
  6. Blakeborough A, Ward J, Wilson D, Griffith M, Kajiya Y, Guthrie JA, et al. Hepatic lesion detection at MR imaging: a comparative study with four sequences. Radiology. 1997;203:759–765
  7. Hagspiel KD, Neidl KFW, Eichenberger AC, Weder W, Marincek B. Detection of liver metastases: comparison of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging at 1.5T with dynamic CT, intraoperative US and percutaneous US. Radiology. 1995;196:471–478
  8. Muller RD, Vogel K, Neumann K, Hirche H, Barkhausen J, Stoblen F, et al. SPIO-MR imaging versus double-phase spiral CT in detecting malignant lesions of the liver. Acta Radiol. 1999;40:628–635
  9. Reimer P, Jähnke N, Fiebich M, Schima W, Deckers F, Marx C, et al. Hepatic lesion detection and characterization: value of non-enhanced MR imaging, superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging and spiral CT-ROC analysis. Radiology. 2000;217:152–158
  10. Ward J, Chen F, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Lodge JP, Wyatt JI, et al. Hepatic lesion detection after superparamagnetic iron oxide enhancement: comparison of five T2-Weighted sequences at 1.0T by using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology. 2000;214:159–166
  11. Ward J, Naik KS, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Robinson PJ. Hepatic lesion detection: comparison of MR imaging after the administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide with dual-phase CT by using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology. 1999;210:459–566
  12. Ward J, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Arnold P, Lodge JP, Toogood GJ, et al. Colorectal hepatic metastases, detection with SPIO-enhanced breathhold imaging: comparison of optimised sequences at 1.5T. Radiology. 2003;228(3):709–718
  13. Ward J, Robinson PJ, Guthrie JA, Downing S, Wilson D, Lodge JP, et al. Liver metastases in candidates for hepatic resection: comparison of thin-slice helical CT, high-resolution 3D dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR and SPIO-enhanced T2W gradient echo imaging. Radiology. 2005;237:170–180
  14. Reimer P, Schneider G, Schima W. Hepatobiliary contrast agents for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development and applications. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:559–578
  15. King LJ, Burkill GJ, Scurr ED, Vlavianos P, Murrary-Lyons I, Healy JC. MnDPDP enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of focal liver lesions. Clin Radiol. 2002;57:1047–1057
  16. Padovani B, Lecesne R, Raffaelli C, Chevallier P, Drouillard J, Bruneton JN, et al. Tolerability and utility of mangafodipir trisodium injection (MnDPDP) at the dose of 5mμmol/kg body weight in detecting focal liver tumors: results of phase III trial using an infusion technique. Eur J Radiol. 1996;23:205–211
  17. Federle MP, Chezmar JL, Rubin DL, Weinreb JC, Freeny PC, Semelka RC, et al. Efficacy and safety of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) injection for hepatic MRI in adults: results of the U.S. multicenter phase III clinical trials. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:186–197
  18. Braga HJ, Choti MA, Lee VS, Paulson EK, Siegelman ES, Bluemke DA. Liver lesions: manganese-enhanced MR and dual-phase helical CT for preoperative detection and characterization comparison with receiver operator characteristic analysis. Radiology. 2002;223:525–531
  19. Mann GN, Marx HF, Lai LL, Wagman LD. Clinical and cost effectiveness of a new hepatocellular MRI contrast Agent, mangafodipir trisodium, in the preoperative assessment of liver resectability. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001;8:573–579
  20. Bartolozzi C, Donati F, Cioni D, Crocetti L, Lencioni R. MnDPDP-enhanced MRI vs dual-phase spiral CT in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2000;120:1697–1702
  21. Kim SK, Kim SH, Lee WJ, Kim H, Seo JW, Choi D, et al. Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: ferumoxides-enhanced versus mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging. AJR. 2002;179:741–750
  22. Kuwatsuru R, Kadoya M, Ohtomo K, Tanimoto A, Hirohashi S, Murakami T, et al. Comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine with gadopentetate dimeglumine for magnetic resonance imaging of liver tumors. Invest Radiol. 2001;36:632–641
  23. Petersein J, Spinazzi A, Giovagnoni A, Soyer P, Terrier F, Lencioni R, et al. Focal liver lesions: evaluation of the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine in MR imaging – a multicenter phase III clinical study. Radiology. 2000;215:727–736
  24. Schneider G, Maas R, Schultze Kool L, Rummeny E, Gehl HB, Lodemann KP, et al. Low-dose gadobenate dimeglumine versus standard dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: an intra-individual crossover comparison. Invest Radiol. 2003;38:85–94
  25. Stern W, Schick F, Kopp AF, Reimer P, Shamsi K, Claussen CD, et al. Dynamic MR imaging of liver metastases with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Acta Radiologica. 2000;41:255–262
  26. Huppertz A, Balzer T, Blakeborough A, Breuer J, Giovagnoni A, Heinz-Peer G, et al. Improved detection of focal liver lesions in MRI: multicenter comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images with intraoperative findings. Radiology. 2004;230:266–275
  27. Reimer P, Rummeny EJ, Daldrup HE, Hesse T, Balzer T, Tombach B, et al. Enhancement characteristics of liver metastases, hepatocellular carcinomas and haemangiomas with Gd-EOB-DTPA: preliminary results with dynamic MR imaging. Euro Radiol. 1997;7(2):275–280
  28. Hamm B, Thoeni RF, Gould RG, Bernardino ME, Luning M, Saini S, et al. Focal liver lesions: characterisation with non-enhanced and dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1994;190:417–423
  29. Hawighorst H, Schoenberg SO, Knopp MV, Essig M, Miltner P, van Kaick G, et al. Hepatic lesions: morphologic and functional characterisation with multiphase breath-hold 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography-initial results. Radiology. 1999;210:89–96
  30. Larson RE, Semelka RC, Bagley AS, Molina PL, Brown ED, Lee JK, et al. Hypervascular malignant liver lesions: comparison of various MR imaging pulse sequences and dynamic CT. Radiology. 1994;192:393–399
  31. Mahfouz A-E, Hamm B, Taupitz M, Wolf KJ. Hypervascular liver lesions differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from malignant tumours with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1993;186:133–138
  32. Mahfouz AE, Hamm B, Wolf KJ. Peripheral washout: a sign of malignancy on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR images of focal liver lesions. Radiology. 1994;190:49–52
  33. Mitchell DG, Saini S, Weinreb J, De Lange EE, Runge VM, Kuhlman JE, et al. Hepatic metastases and cavernous hemangiomas: distinction with standard- and triple-dose gadoteridol-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1994;193:49–57
  34. Grandin C, Van Beers BE, Robert A, Gigot JF, Geubel A, Pringot J, et al. Benign hepatocellular tumors: MRI after superparamagnetic iron oxide administration. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19(3):412–418
  35. Poeckler-Schoeniger C, Koepke J, Gueckel F, Sturm J, Georgi M. MRI with superparamagnetic iron oxide: efficacy in the detection and characterisation of focal hepatic lesions. Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;17:383–392
  36. Precetti-Morel S, Bellin MF, Ghebontni L, Zaim S, Opolon P, Poynard T, et al. Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver on ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging: features on conventional spin-echo, fast spin-echo and gradient-echo pulse sequences. Eur Radiol. 1999;9:1535–1542
  37. Ba-Ssalamah A, Schima W, Schmook MT, Linnau KF, Schibany N, Helbich T, et al. Atypical focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: imaging features of non-specific and liver-specific MR contrast agents. AJR. 2002;179:1447–1456
  38. Oudkerk M, Torres CG, Song B, Konig M, Grimm J, Fernandez-Cuadrado J, et al. Characterization of liver lesions with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging: multicenter study comparing MR and dual-phase spiral CT. Radiology. 2002;223:517–524
  39. Helmberger TK, Laubenberger J, Rummeny E, Jung G, Sievers K, Dohring W, et al. MRI characteristics in focal hepatic disease before and after administration of MnDPDP: discriminant analysis as a diagnostic tool. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:62–70
  40. Morana G, Grazioli L, Schneider G, Testoni M, Menni K, Chiesa A, et al. Hypervascular hepatic lesions: dynamic and late enhancement pattern with Gd-BOPTA. Acta Radiol. 2002;9(Suppl. 2):476–479
  41. Grazioli L, Morana G, Kirchin MA, Caccia P, Romanini L, Bondioni MP, et al. MRI of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) with gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) and SPIO (ferumoxides): an intra-individual comparison. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17:593–602
  42. Grazioli L, Morana G, Kirchin MA, Schneider G. Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study. Radiology. 2005;236:166–177
  43. Vogl T. Enhancement of malignant and benign focal liver lesions using Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in the same patient. International conference of MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Bremen, Munich, Germany: H.M. Hauschild Ltd; 1995;
  44. Huppertz A, Haraida S, Kraus A, Zech CJ, Scheidler J, Breuer J, et al. Enhancement of focal liver lesions at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with histopathologic findings and spiral CT – initial observations. Radiology. 2005;234:468–478
  45. Vogl TJ, Kummel S, Hammerstingl R, Schellenbeck M, Schumacher G, Balzer T, et al. Liver tumors: comparison of MR imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA. Radiology. 1996;200:59–67
  46. Runge VM. A comparison of two MR hepatobiliary gadolinium chelates: Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA. J Comp Assist Tomogr. 1998;22:643–650
  47. Tanimoto A, Satoh Y, Yuasa Y, Jinzaki M, Hiramatsu K. Performance of Gd-EOB-DTPA and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in the detection of primary liver cancer: a comparative study by alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:120–124
  48. Gaa J, Hatabu H, Jenkins RL, Finn JP, Edelman RR. Liver masses: replacement of conventional T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging with breath-hold MR imaging. Radiology. 1996;200:459–464
  49. Hittmair K, Trattnig S, Herold CJ, Breitenseher M, Kramer J. Comparison between conventional and fast spin-echo STIR sequences. Acta Radiol. 1996;37:943–949
  50. Duerk JL, Lewin JS, Wendt M, Petersilge C. Remember true FISP? A high SNR, near 1-second imaging method for T2-like contrast in interventional MRI at .2T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998;8:203–208
  51. Kiefer B, Grassner J, Hausmann R. Image acquisition in a second with Half-Fourier single shot turbo spin-echo. J Magn Reson Imagin. 1994;4P:486–489
  52. Nelson KL, Gifford LM, Lauber-Huber C, Gross CA, Lasser TA. Clinical safety of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Radiology. 1996;196:439–443
  53. Low RN, Sigeti JS, Francis IR, Weinman D, Bower B, Shimakawa A, et al. Evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction: efficacy of fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging vs spin-echo MR, CT and cholangiography. AJR. 1994;162:315–323
  54. Low RN, Barone RM, Lacey C, Sigeti JS, Alzate GD, Sebrechts CP. Peritoneal tumor: MR imaging with dilute oral barium and intravenous gadolinium-containing contrast agents compared with unenhanced MR imaging and CT. Radiology. 1997;204:513–520
  55. Low RN, Francis IR, Politoske D, Bennett M. Crohn's disease evaluation: comparison of contrast-enhanced MR imaging and single phase helical CT scanning. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:127–135
  56. Rofsky NM, Lee VS, Laub G, Pollack MA, Krinsky GA, Thomasson D, et al. Abdominal MR imaging with a volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination. Radiology. 1999;212:876–884
  57. Earls JP, Rofsky NM, DeCorato DR, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Hepatic arterial-phase dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: optimization with a test examination and a power injector. Radiology. 1997;202:268–273
  58. Rummeny EJ, Torres CG, Kurdziel JC, Nilsen G, Op de Beeck B, Lundby B. MnDPDP for MR imaging of the liver. Results of an independent image evaluation of the European phase III studies. Acta Radiol. 1997;38(4 pt 2):638–642
  59. Rofsky NM, Weinreb JC, Bernardino ME, Young SW, Lee JK, Noz ME. Hepatocellular tumors: characterization with Mn-DPDP-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1993;188(1):53–59
  60. Ward J, Guthrie JA, Scott DJ, Atchley J, Wilson D, Davies MH, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: double-contrast MR imaging for diagnosis. Radiology. 2000;216(1):154–162
  61. Schima W, Petersein J, Hahn PF, Harisinghani M, Halpern E, Saini S. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the liver: comparison between Gd-BOPTA and Mangafodipir. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:130–135
  62. Aicher KP, Laniado M, Kopp AF, Gronewaller E, Duda SH, Claussen CD. Mn-DPDP-enhanced MR imaging of malignant liver lesions: efficacy and safety in 20 patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1993;3:731–737
  63. Gallez B, Baudelet C, Adline J, Charbon V, Lambert DM. The uptake of Mn-DPDP by hepatocytes is not medicated by the facilitated transport of pyridoxine. Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;14:1191–1195
  64. Lee VS, Rofsky NM, Morgan GR, Teperman LW, Krinsky GA, Berman P, et al. Volumetric mangafodipir-trisodium-enhanced cholangiography to define intrahepatic biliary anatomy. AJR. 2001;176(4):906–908
  65. Mitchell DG, Alam F. Mangafodipir trisodium: effects on T2- and T1-weighted MR cholangiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;9:366–368
  66. Spinazzi A, Lorusso V, Pirovano G, Kirchin A. Safety, tolerance, biodistribution, and MR imaging enhancement of the liver with gadobenate dimeglumine: results of clinical, pharmacologic and pilot imaging studies in non-patient and patient volunteers. Acad Radiol. 1999;6(5):282–291
  67. Hamm B, Staks T, Muhler A, Bollow M, Taupitz M, Frenzel T, et al. Phase I clinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a hepatobiliary MR contrast agent: safety, pharmacokinetics, and MR imaging. Radiology. 1995;195(3):785–792
  68. Scott J, Ward J, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Robinson PJ. MRI of the liver: a comparison of CNR enhancement using high dose and low dose ferumoxide infusion in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;18:297–303
  69. Arnold P, Ward J, Wilson D, Guthrie JA, Robinson PJ. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhancement in the cirrhotic liver: a comparison of two doses of ferumoxides in patients with advanced disease. Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;21:695–700
  70. Bluemke DA, Weber TM, Rubin D, de Lange EE, Semelka R, Redvanly RD, et al. Hepatic MR imaging with ferumoxides: multicenter study of safety and effectiveness of direct injection protocol. Radiology. 2003;228(2):457–464
  71. Reimer P, Balzer T. Ferucarbotran (Resovist): a new clinically approved RES-specific contrast agent for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development, and applications. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:1266–1276
  72. Murakami T, Baron RL, Peterson MS, Oliver JH, Davis PL, Confer SR, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging with mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP). Radiology. 1996;200:69–77
  73. Seneterre E, Taourel P, Bouvier Y, Pradel J, Van Beers B, Daures JP, et al. Detection of hepatic metastases: ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging versus unenhanced MR imaging and CT during arterial portography. Radiology. 1996;200:785–792
  74. Helmberger TK, Holzknecht NG, Gregor MM. Unenhanced, Gd-DTPA- and ferumoxides-enhanced MRI in focal hepatic disease: a comparison in over 900 patients. Radiology. 2000;217(p):280
  75. Coffin CM, Diche T, Mahfouz A, Alexandre M, Caseiro-Alves F, Rahmouni A, et al. Benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors: evaluation of tumoral enhancement after mangafodipir trisodium injection on MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 1999;9:444–449
  76. Mathieu D, Coffin C, Kobeiter H, Caseiro-Alves F, Mahfouz A. Rahmouni A et al. Unexpected MR-T1 enhancement of endocrine liver metastases with mangafodipir. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10:193–195
  77. Hahn PF, Stark DD, Weissleder R, Elizondo G, Saini S, Ferrucci JT. Clinical application of superparamagnetic iron oxide to MR imaging of tissue perfusion in vascular liver tumors. Radiology. 1990;174:361–366
  78. Ward J, Robinson PJ. Combined use of MR contrast agents for evaluating liver disease. MRI Clinics N Am. 2001;9(4):767–783
  79. Bhartia B, Ward J, Guthrie JA, Robinson PJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers: double-contrast thin-section MR imaging with pathologic correlation of explanted tissue. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(3):577–584

PII: S1078-8174(06)00107-6

doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2006.09.002

Radiography
Volume 13 , Pages e54-e72 , December 2007