Immobilisation and restraining of paediatric patients in the Radiology Department: A perspective and review of legislation relevant to UK radiographic professions

References 

1. College of Radiographers . The Child and the Law: the roles and responsibilities of the Radiographer. London: The Society of Radiographers; 2005;
2. European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images in paediatrics (EUR 16261). European Radiological Guidelines. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1996;p. 3–11
3. Human Rights Act. London, UK: HMSO; 1998;
4. Lambrenos K, McArthur E. Introducing a clinical holding policy. Paediatic Nursing. May 2003;15(4):30–35
5. Royal College of Nursing . Restraining, holding still and containing children: guidance for good practice. Royal College of Nursing; 1999;p. 2
6. Department of Health . Guidance on permissible forms of control in children's residential care. London: HMSO; 1993;
7. Collins English Dictionary. London and Glasgow: Collins; 1979;
8. Graham P, Hardy M. The immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients during plain film radiographic examinations. Radiography. 2004;10(1):23–31
9. Gillick v Norfolk and Wisbeck Area Health Authority (1984). 1All ER 365 per Woolf J; revsd (1985) 1 All ER 533, CA; revsd (1998) 3 All ER 402, HL.
10. United Nations . Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations; 1989;<http://www.unicef.org/crc/>
11. Department of Health . Reference guide to consent for examination or treatment. London: TSO; 2001;
12. Allen F. Pharmacological management of procedure pain. Progress in pain research and management. vol. 20. Seattle: IASP Press; 2001;
13. Children Act. London: HMSO; 1989;
14. Hart D, Howell S. Report on the use of physical intervention across children's services. National Children's Bureau; 2004;<http://www.ncb.org.uk/resources/restraintreport_harthowell.pdf>[accessed 28.11.04]
15. Sury MR, Hatch DJ, Deeley T, Dicks-Mireaux C, Chong WK. Development of a nurse-led sedation service for paediatric magnetic resonance imaging. Lancet. 1999;353(9165):1667–1671
    • Abstract
    • Full Text
    • Full-Text PDF (87 KB)
    • CrossRef
16. Gay J. A painful experience. Nursing Times. 1992 June;88(25):32–36
    • MEDLINE
17. Peterson G. Let the children play. Nursing. 1989 September;3(4):22–25
18. Hardy M. Holding children still. Synergy. 2004;January:16–19
19. Christensen J, Fatchett D. Promoting parental use of distraction and relaxation in pediatric oncology patients during invasive procedures. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2002 July–August;19(4):127–132
20. Boyd K, Higgs R, Pinching A. The new dictionary of medical ethics. London: BMJ Publishing; 1997;
21. Children Order (Northern Island) Order. 1995;
22. Children (Scotland) Act. 1995;
23. Collins P. Restraining children for painful procedures. Paediatric Nursing. 1999 April;11(3):14–16
24. Mental Health Act. London: HMSO; 1999;
25. Royal College of Psychiatrists . Management of imminent violence: clinical practice guidelines to support Mental Health Services. 1998;
26. The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman . Doctor's unreasonable restraint of a young child. Case: E. 2060/97-98. Health Service Commissioner; 1999;<http://www.ombudsman.org.uk/hsc/document/hc497/7124-00.htm>[accessed 28.11.04]
27. McKee D. The legal framework for informed consent. Professional Nurse. 1999;14(10):688–690[USA]
28. Department of Health . (Advisors to HMSO: Education Act, 1996) The use of force to control and restrain pupils. DFEE circular 10/98:15. www.team-teach.co.uk/guidance/DFEE_1O98.pdf1996;[accessed 22.11.04]
29. Health Professions Council . Standards of Proficiency: Radiographers. Health Professions Council; 2003;